Tundra+Facts

====__​ ​ ​ ​​​ **Monerans Located in Tundra ** __ ====


====**Moneran- Monerans are single celled organisms that have no nucleus or organells. They also usually chain or group to other cells.** ====

[[image:Maggies.jpg width="253" height="181" align="right"]]An Image of //Strenotrophomonas maltophilia is shown to the right.//
=Scientific name: //Stenotrophomonas maltophilia// = =Where it lives: It was recently found in the Artic tundra. Recent research has found that there may be more bacteria in the frozen tundra than previously thought. The extreme cold temperature is not an ideal place for bacteria growth. = =<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 81%;">Shape: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 81%;">Bacilli = =<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 81%;">Kingdom: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 81%;">Bacteria = =<span style="color: #000080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 81%;">Genus: //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Stenotrophomonas // = =<span style="color: #000080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 81%;">Species: //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">S. maltophilia // =

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 109%; text-align: left;"> **//Bacillus thuringiensis-//** ** //Bacillus thuringiensis// lives in the alpine tundra on plants and other crops such as trees, cotton, or vegetables. //Bacillus thuringiensis// is bacilli shaped and you can see what it looks like below.**



//Bacillus thuringiensis//

<span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> ====<span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">__**<span style="color: #09096d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Protists in Tundra **__ ====

====** Protists- Protists are mostly single celled organisms and have a nucleus and organells. Some multi-celled organisms are placed in the Protista kingdom. They are separated in groups like algae and protozoans. ​ **====

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**<span style="color: #166416; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Algae -- Simple rootless plants that grow in sunlit waters in proportion to the amount of available nutrients. They can affect water quality adversely by lowering the dissolved oxygen in the water. They are food for fish and small aquatic animals. ** ======

** Protozoan- Protozoans have no cell wall or chlorophyll. They also don't make their own food they "hunt" like us. **
==== ** //Tracheleuglypha dentata-Tracheleuglypha dentata// lives in the soil of the tundra. It is used in soils to enhance the bacteria growth. They are clear, thin, and oval-shaped//.// There is also no common name for //Tracheleuglypha dentata.// Here is a picture of what it looks like. ** ====

====<span style="font-family: 'Candara','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="color: #09096d; font-family: 'Candara','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Where it lives: <span style="font-family: 'Candara','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">found in most bodies of fresh water. Scientists found Green alga from the artic permafrost rocks of ancient ages dated up to 5,000-10,000 years old. **====

====<span style="font-family: 'Candara','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="color: #09096d; font-family: 'Candara','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Common name: <span style="font-family: 'Candara','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Green alga **==== ====<span style="font-family: 'Candara','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: #09096d; font-family: 'Candara','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">**Definition:** <span style="font-family: 'Candara','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">**Any of various unicellular green algae of the** ====


 * <span style="color: #18187b; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 266%;">__Fungi in Tundra__ <span style="color: #09096d; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"> **

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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Fungi- are multi-celled oganisms that have no chlorophyll. It also absorbs nutrients.**
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 144%;"> Ascomycota <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 129.6%;">Definition: a category division, within kingdom Fungi - the fungi that produce spores in a microscopic sporangium called a ascus <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 108%;"> <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> __Scientific name:__ //Cladonia rangiferina// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> __Commom name:__ Reindeer Lichen or Caribou moss __Kingdom:__ Fungi __Phylum:__ Ascomycota __Class:__ Lecanoromycetes __Order:__ Lecanorales __Family:__ Cladoniaceae __Genus:__//Cladonia// __Species:__ //<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">C.rangiferina // __Where it grows:__ well-drained, open enviornments. Found primarilly in areas of the alpine tundra. ====**Ascomycota -cup shaped fungi that is usually grown on rocks or trees.The classification is Kingdom:Fungi, Phylum:Ascomycota, Class:Ascomycetes, Order:Sphaeriales, Family:Sordariaceae, Genus:Sordaria,** **Species:Fimicola.**====


 * //Phycomyces blakesleeanus//

Kindom:Fungi Phylum:Zygomycota Class:Zygomycetes Order:Mucorales Family:Mucoraceae Genus:Phycomyces Species:blakesleeanus

//Phycomyces blakesleeanus// lives in** **the tundra. //Phycomyces blakesleeanus// is very sensitive to light and the tundra is dark most of the year so it can grow there. Here is a picture of Phycomyces blakesleeanus.**

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__ Glomermycota __
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Definition: a phylum or division, within kingdom Fungi - the fungi that form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 121%;">Scientific <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 133.1%;"> name: //Glomus luteum// Kingdom : Fungi Phylum: Glomeromycota <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Class: Glomeromycetes Order: Glomerales Family: Glomeraceae Genus: //Glomus// <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Where It lives:



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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 168%;">**__<span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 180%;">Plants in Tundra __**

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__**Magnoliopsida-**__ <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 108%;">A class within the plant kingdom comprising plants with a vascular system <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">
 * Plants- are multi-celled organisms with a cell wall. They also contain chlorophyll. There are two types of plants, vacular and nonvascular. Vascular plants aborb water and nonvascular plants do not have water conducting tissues.**

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Scientific name: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">//<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Ledum Palustre // Common names: Marsh Tea, St.Jame's Tea,Crystal Tea, Labrador Tea Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Ericales Family: Ericaceae Genus: //Ledum// Species: //Palustre// Where it grows:Greenland, Canada, Alaska, grows in soils,shrubby areas of the Tundra biome.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Scientific name: //Saxifraga caespitosa// <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Common name: Tuffed Alpine Saxifrage Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: rosales Family: saxifragaceae Genus: //saxifraga// Species: //caespitosa// <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Where it grows: artic heights, mountainous areas of the Alps, Norway,Iceland and Alaska ​ <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 230.4%;">

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 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">__<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">

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Lilopsida __ ** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Lilopsida- are vascular plants and produce seeds. Lilopsida include grasses, flowers, lilies, and orchids. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 151.63%;"> <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> Scientific name: //Deschampsia caespitosa// <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Common name: <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Tufted Hair Grass or Bunch Grass Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: //Deschampisa// Species: //D. cespitosa// Where it lives: In the Tundra where grasses can be found.

​

Kindom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Cyperales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: //Carex// Species: //bigelowii// Common name: Bigelow's sedge

Where it lives: //Carex Bigelowii// live in high altitudes of the alpine tundra. They do not grow in many other places besides high altitudes.


 * Bryopsida**

Bryophyta- are nonvascular plants that have no seeds. They also usually grow on rocks and trees.

Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Bryophyta Class: Bryopsida Order: Bryales Family: Bryaceae Genus: //Pohlia// Species: //tundrae// Common name: Tundra pohlia moss Where it lives: //Pohlia tundrae// is nonvascular. It grows on solid objects in the tundra like rocks or dead wood. It is found in Alaska, Greenland and the alpine tundra in Colorado.
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__<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Tracheophyta __ <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">A phylum comprising plants with a vascular system including ferns and fern allies as well as seed plants

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Scientific name: //Donatia novae-zelandiae// <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Common name: Cushion Plants. Cushion Plants are types of plants that grow low to the ground in tight places. They are called cushion plants because they are soft and cushiony. Kingdom:Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Stylidiales Family: Donatiaceae Genus: //Donatia// Species: D. novae-zelandiae Where it lives: alpine and subalpine tundra of New Zeeland and Tasmania


 * Polypodiophytsida **

Polypodiophyta- are vascular plants that do not have seeds. Polypodiophyta are ferns that have nearly 20,000 species in the class.

Kindom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Class: Polypodiosida Order: Polypodiopsida Family: Dryopteridia Genus: //Antyrium// Species: //distentifolium// Common name: Alpine Lady Fern Where it lives: Alpine Lady Fern lives in higher elevations like the Highlands of Scotland. The Cairngorm mountains hold ten percent of Alpine Lady Fern. They grow in the soil, usually on scree slopes on the mountain. You can see what it looks like to the right.

**Equisetophyta**

Equisetophyta- are vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. They are commonly known as horsetails.

Kindom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Class: Equisetopsida Order: Equisetales Family: Equisetaceae Genus: //Equisetum// Species: //variegatum// Common name: Variegated scouringrush Where it lives: //Equisetum variegatum// live in the soil of the tundra. It can be found mainly along lakeshores and riverbanks. They are also found in the alpine tundra of Britsh Columbia. They can also be up to 55 centimeters tall. Here is a picture of //Equisetum variegatum.//



**Lycopodiophyta**

Lycopodiophyta- are known as the oldest phylum of vascular plants there are. It reproduces by shedding spores and Lycopodiophyta is commonly known as horsetails.

Kindom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheobionta Class: Lycopiophyta Order: Lycopodiales Family: Lycopodiaceae Genus: //Lycopodium// Species: //annotinum// Common name: Stiff clubmoss Where it lives: Lycopodium annotinum lives in the soil and on wood in heathlands.It is also found in the tundra near the Artcic Ocean coast. Here is a picture below:



**Bryophyta**

Bryophyta- are nonvascular plants that do not have seeds. They usually grow on rocks and trees.

Kindom: Plantae Phylum: Brophyta Class: Bryosida Order: Brayels Family: Brayaceae Genus: //Bryum// Species: //argentium// Common name: Sivermoss

Where it lives: //Bryum argentium// is a nonvascular plant that usually grows 15,000 feet high in the alpine tundra. It often grows on solid objects like wood or rocks. Here is a picture of //Bryum argentium://







__**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Phylum: Chlorophyta **__

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 230.4%;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 115.2%;">**Chlorophyta**, a division of green algae,[3] includes about 7,000 species <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 91%;">Scientific name: Chlamydomonas nivalis Common name: watermelon snow Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Chlorophyta Class: Chlorophyceae Order: Volvocales Family: Chlamydomonadaceae Genus: Chlamydomonas Species: nivalis

//<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">​ // <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Scientific name: //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Lunularia cruciata // Commomn name: Crescent Cup Liverwort<span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 230.4%;"> Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Bryophyta Class: Marchantiopsida Order: Marchantiales<span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 230.4%;"> Family: Marchantiaceae Genus: //Lunularia// Species: //cruciata//

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Animals in Tundra

Animals**-** are all multi-celled organisms that digest food in their body. They are split in two groups, invertabrates which has no backbone, and vertabrates which has a backbone.


 * Aves **

Aves**-** are also known as birds. They have wings and also lay eggs. They are endotherms which means their body temperature remains consistant.

Common name: Rock Ptarmigan Kindom: Amalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Galliforme Family: Tetraonidae Genus: //Lagopus// Species: //muta// Where it lives: Rock Ptarmigan lives in Greenland, Scottland, and in higher elevations on mountains. The prefer rocky slopes and barren ground. Here is a picture of Rock Ptarmigan.



**Anthropods**

Anthropods- are invertabrets that have an exoskeleton and jointed appendages.

Kindom: Amalia Phylum: Anthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Family: Apidae Genus: //Bombus// Species: //polaris// Common name: Arctic Bumblebee Where it lives: Arctic Bumblebee can be found in the tundra of Alaska, Greenland and Russia. They often nest underground and they may stay in their nests for several years. Here is a picture of an Arctic Bumblebee.



Commom name:** Arctic springtail
 * Scientific name: Onychiurus arctus[[image:Bug.jpg align="right" caption="A healthy image ontop. De-hydrated image on bottom"]]
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Arthropoda
 * Class:** Entognatha
 * Order:** Collembola
 * Family:** Onychiuroidea
 * Genus:** //Onychiurus//
 * Species:** //arcticus//
 * Where it lives:** Unlike most organisms,the Onychiurus arctus can survive in the winter and spring of the tundra biome everwhere in the world.


 * Mammalia **

Mammalia- have an advanced nervous system and brain. They have lungs and are endotherms, which means they have a consistant blood temperature. They also give live birth.

Common name: Arctic Wolf Kindom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: //Canus// Species: //lupus// Where it lives: Arctic Wolves live in the Canadian Arctic, Greenland, and Alaska. Arctic wolves cannot dig burrows for dens due to the tundra's permafrost, instead they may use rock outcroppings, caves or shallow depressions for dens. Here is a picture of the Arctic Wolf.

Scientific name: //Rangifer tarandus// Common name: Reindeer Kingdom: Animalia Phlum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family:Cervidae Genus: //Rangifer// Species://tarandus// Where it lives: Originally found in Scandanavia,reindeer now live in the Tundras of Canada,Alaska, and Norway

Scientific name://Ovibos moschatus// Common name: Musk ox Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: //Ovibos// Species: //moschatus// Where they live:Muskoxen are native to the Arctic areas of Canada, Greenland, and Alaska

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 117%;">Common name: Stoat or Ermie <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Kingdom: Animilia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelinae Genus: //Mustela// Species: //M. erminea// Where it lives: The stoat or ermine can be found almost everywhere throughout the northern temperate, subarctic and Arctic regions, of Europe, Asia, and North America. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">


 * Chondrichthyes**

Chondrichthyes- have skeletons made of cartilage. They are ectotherms so their body temperature stays the same as the environment they are in. They have paired fins and gills. They also lay eggs.

Common name: Greenland Shark Kingdom: Amalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Squaliformes Family: Somniosidae Genus: //Somniosus// Species: //microcephalus// Where it lives: The Greenland Shark swims up to shallow waters of Greenland to feed during the winter. They feed on caribou, seals and dead whales. Then in the summer they move into very deep water up to 1,800 feet below sea level.





**Nematoda**

Nematoda- is a phylum where some of the animals are parasites. Others live in soil or water. They have one opening for food and another for waste.

Common name: N/A Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Secernentea Order: Ascaridida Family: Ascarididae Genus: //Toxascaris// Species: //leonina// Where it lives: //Toxascaris leonina// lives in foxes and other canines in the tundra. They move through the guts of the animal. Here is a picture of //Toxascaris leonina.//



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 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 156%;">Osteichthyes **

Also called **bony fish**, are a group of fish that includes the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) and lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii)

Scientific name: //Salvelinus alpinus// Common name: Salt-water trout,Artic char Kingdom: Animalia Phlum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Order: Salmoniformes Family: Salmoninae Genus: //Salvelinus// Species: //alpinus// Where it lives: In the Arctic, sub-Arctic Tundra specifically alpine lakes and coastal waters. In Canada,Scotland and Ireland,

**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 169%;">Class: Amphibia ** The class of vertebrates that live on land but breed in water; frogs; toads; newts; salamanders; caecilians.

Scientific name: //Rana luteiventris// Common name: Great Basin Spotted Frog Kingdom: Animalia Phlum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Ranidae Genus: //Rana// Species: //luteiventris// Where it lives: Columbia Spotted Frogs are found east of the Cascade Mountains in northeast Oregon and Washington, northern Idaho, and most of British Columbia. They are commonly found near the edges of open shallow waters.


 * Nemertea **

Nemertea- are also known as ribbon worms. Most live in saltwater and few live in freshwater. They can be found on rocks, mud, and seaweed.

Common name: N/A Kindom: Amalia Phylum: Nemertea Class: Anopla Order: Heteronemertea Family: Lineidae Genus: //Lineus// Species: //ruber// Where it lives: //Lineus ruber// lives in Northwestern Russia and Alaska in intertidal zones. It can be found about 104 feet away from water. Here is a picture of //Lineus ruber.//



<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">**

Annelida ** Definition: a large phylum of segmented worms, with over 17,000 modern species including ragworms, earthworms and leeches.They are found in marine environments from tidal zones to hydrothermal vents, in freshwater, and in moist terrestrial environments.

Scientific name: //Mesenchytraeus solifugus// Common name: ice worms Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Class: Clitellata Order: Haplotaxida Family: Enchytraeidea Genus: //Mesenchytraeus// Species: //solifugus// Where it lives: coastal glaciers of the Alaska tundra.

Common name: Tundra Swan Where it lives: in the artic tundra, near bodies of water
 * Kingdom: || Animalia ||
 * Phylum: || Chordata ||
 * Class: || Aves ||
 * Superorder: || Galloanserae ||
 * Order: || Anseriformes ||
 * Family: || Anatidae ||
 * Subfamily: || Anserinae ||
 * Genus: || //Cygnus// ||
 * Species: || //**C. columbianus**// ||




 * Kingdom: || Animalia ||
 * Phylum: || Chordata ||
 * Class: || Aves ||
 * Superorder: || Galloanserae ||
 * Order: || Anseriformes ||
 * Family: || Anatidae ||
 * Subfamily: || Anserinae ||
 * Genus: || //Cygnus// ||
 * Species: || //**C. columbianus**// ||